Bayad Mongols

The Bayad live in Zu'u'ngov', Tes, Xyargas, Malchin and Naranbulag sums of Uvs aimag, alongside the Elzhigin Xalx in Baruuntu'ru'u'n, and the Do'rvo'ds in Naranbulag; there were 50 824 Bayads living in Mongolia in 2000. The Bayad constitute the largest Mongolian tribe recorded in ancient history. It is documented that Maodun Shanyu of the Xu'nnu' ruled over the Bayan tribe in the 3rd century (Bayad is the plural of Bayan, meaning "wealthy"). During the 9th-11th centuries, the Bayads had many branches and a large population: the Bayads who settled near Xiagt and Bu'renxaan Mountain came to be known as the Xeeriin Bayad; those who settled near the Zhid River were called the Zhidiin Bayad. The Bayad who settled near the Xo'lo'n and Buir lakes were also divided into several groups: the Bayad-Duklat, Bayad-Gorlos, Chanshigut-Bayad, and Bayad-Kiad. The Bayad tribe helped CHINGIS XAAN to establish the Xamag Mongol and Great Mongol States in the late 12th and early 13th centuries, and became one of the 13 XU'REE settlements. Some Bayads moved to the west with the Oirads and settled in the west branch of the Xangai Mountains, along the Delger and Zavxan Rivers, and as far as the Altai Mountains to join the Zu'u'ngar Empire. When Manchu Qing forces conquered the Zu'u'ngar Empire, the Bayads moved eastwards into Xalx territory from their land near the Erchis River. The Manchus established Sain Zayatyn Chuulgan in 1754, 11 xoshuu of which were made up of Bayads. The Bayad population is now distributed along the Tes River, at Bo'o'reg Del sands, Toxoi, Nariinii River, to the rear of the Xan Xo'xii Mountains, and at Bor Xairxan and Togtoxyn Shil. The Bayads are renowned for their heroic epics; performances of "Xan Xarangui", "Dainii Xu'rel", "Bum Erdene", and "Xu'leg Erdene" by bards such as M. Parchin, Uvxiin Bataa, Xu'rxree, Xarcaga, Gangan Myatai and Zambal have engaged the attention of international epic researchers, and have made an important contribution to world culture.

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