Altai Urianxai

This tribe lives in Mo'nxxairxan and Duut sums of Xovd aimag; in Mo'st sum alongside the Zaxchin; and in Altai, Bulgan and Bugat sums of Bayan-O'lgii aimag alongside the Kazaxs. The total number of Urianxai was 25 183 in 2000. Altain Urianxais are descended from a group of Uriangxan who settled to the north of the Xentii Mountains in the 12th and 13th centuries. During the struggle of Xubilai Xaan and Arig Bo'x in the 13th century, some of these migrated westwards and joined the Oirad constitution. They were controlled by Coros lords and settled north of the Zu'u'ngar Empire, near the Altai Mountains. At the beginning of the 18th century, they were subjected to Manchu Qing rule and the Mongolian-speaking Urianxais were organized into four xoshuus, sent to the Altai Mountains, and put under the jurisdiction of the Manchu Ministry of Xovd. Since that time until the 20th century, they gave tributes of fur and meat to the Manchu state. The Urianxai have lived continuously alongside the Torguud in the south, the Zaxchin in the north-east, and the O'o'ld in the north. The Urianxai are known for their rich tradition of epic poetry, with celebrated bards such as Achildai, Zhilker, Buyan, Choisu'ren, Orolmaa and Avirmed recounting a variety of epics - "Eriin sain xecu'u' berx", "Zul Aldarxan", "Xaan Cecen zurxaich", "Talun xar bodon", "Xu'der mo'ngo'n temne", "Xu'rel altan do'sh", "Naran Xan xo'vgu'u'n", "Buzhin davaa", "Bayan cagaan o'vgo'n", "Ezen ulaan bodon" and "Argil cagaan o'vgo'n".

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